Tar and Chip Driveways: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction
Tar and chip driveways, also known as chipseal or chip-and-seal driveways, are a cost-effective and durable paving option for residential and commercial properties. They consist of a layer of asphalt or tar topped with a layer of crushed stone or gravel. This combination creates a textured, skid-resistant surface that is resistant to wear and tear.
Benefits of Tar and Chip Driveways
- Cost-effective: Tar and chip driveways are significantly less expensive than other paving options, such as asphalt or concrete.
- Durable: They are highly resistant to cracking, potholes, and other forms of damage.
- Skid-resistant: The textured surface provides excellent traction, even in wet conditions.
- Low maintenance: Tar and chip driveways require minimal maintenance, such as occasional resealing.
- Environmentally friendly: They are made from recycled materials and are permeable, allowing rainwater to drain through.
Drawbacks of Tar and Chip Driveways
- Rough surface: The crushed stone or gravel can create a rough surface that can be uncomfortable to walk or drive on barefoot.
- Noise: The loose stones can make a noise when vehicles drive over them.
- Not suitable for heavy traffic: Tar and chip driveways are not as durable as asphalt or concrete and may not be suitable for areas with heavy traffic.
- Requires periodic resealing: The tar or asphalt binder can break down over time, requiring periodic resealing to maintain its integrity.
- Can be slippery when wet: The loose stones can become slippery when wet, especially on slopes.
Types of Tar and Chip Driveways
- Single-layer: The most common type of tar and chip driveway consists of a single layer of asphalt or tar topped with a single layer of crushed stone or gravel.
- Double-layer: Double-layer tar and chip driveways have two layers of asphalt or tar, with a layer of crushed stone or gravel between them. This provides increased durability and longevity.
- Triple-layer: Triple-layer tar and chip driveways have three layers of asphalt or tar, with two layers of crushed stone or gravel between them. This is the most durable type of tar and chip driveway but also the most expensive.
Materials Used in Tar and Chip Driveways
- Asphalt or tar: The binder that holds the crushed stone or gravel together.
- Crushed stone or gravel: The aggregate that provides the texture and skid resistance.
- Sealant: A protective coating that is applied to the surface to prevent moisture penetration and extend the lifespan of the driveway.
Installation Process
- Site preparation: The area where the driveway will be installed is cleared and graded to ensure proper drainage.
- Application of asphalt or tar: The asphalt or tar is applied to the prepared surface using a paving machine or roller.
- Spreading of crushed stone or gravel: The crushed stone or gravel is spread over the asphalt or tar while it is still hot.
- Rolling: The crushed stone or gravel is rolled into the asphalt or tar to create a smooth, compacted surface.
- Application of sealant: A sealant is applied to the surface to protect it from moisture penetration and extend its lifespan.
Maintenance and Repair
- Resealing: Tar and chip driveways should be resealed every 3-5 years to maintain their integrity and prevent cracking.
- Crack repair: Cracks can be repaired by filling them with a tar-based sealant.
- Pothole repair: Potholes can be repaired by filling them with a mixture of asphalt or tar and crushed stone or gravel.
- Cleaning: Tar and chip driveways can be cleaned using a pressure washer or a broom and water.
Cost of Tar and Chip Driveways
The cost of a tar and chip driveway varies depending on the size of the area, the type of materials used, and the complexity of the installation. On average, the cost ranges from $2 to $5 per square foot.
Choosing a Contractor
When choosing a contractor to install your tar and chip driveway, it is important to consider their experience, reputation, and warranty. Look for a contractor who has been in business for several years and has a good track record of customer satisfaction. Also, make sure the contractor offers a warranty on their work.
Conclusion
Tar and chip driveways are a cost-effective and durable paving option that is ideal for residential and commercial properties. They are easy to maintain, skid-resistant, and environmentally friendly. However, it is important to be aware of their drawbacks, such as their rough surface and noise, before making a decision. By choosing a qualified contractor and following proper maintenance procedures, you can enjoy a long-lasting and attractive tar and chip driveway.